What is the role of dietary inflammation in severe mental illness? A review of observational and experimental findings
journal contribution
posted on 2023-08-30, 16:15 authored by Joseph Firth, Nicola Veronese, Jack Cotter, Nitin Shivappa, James Herbert, Carolyn Ee, Lee Smith, Brendon Stubbs, Sarah E. Jackson, Jerome SarrisSevere mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are associated with increased inflammation. Given diet’s role in modulating inflammatory processes, excessive calorie-dense, nutrient-deficient processed food intake may contribute towards the heightened inflammation observed in SMI. This review assesses the evidence from observational and experimental studies to investigate how diet may affect physical and mental health outcomes in SMI through inflammation-related pathways. Cross-sectional studies indicate that individuals with SMI, particularly schizophrenia, consume more pro-inflammatory foods and fewer anti-inflammatory nutrients than the general population. Cohort studies indicate that high levels of dietary inflammation are associated with increased risk of developing depression, but there is currently a lack of evidence for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Randomised controlled trials show that dietary interventions improve symptoms of depression, but none have tested the extent to which these benefits are due to changes in inflammation. This review summarises evidence on dietary inflammation in SMI, explores the directionality of these links, and discusses the potential use of targeted nutritional interventions for improving psychological well-being and physical health outcomes in SMI. Establishing the extent to which diet explains elevated levels of inflammatory markers observed in SMI is a priority for future research.
History
Refereed
- Yes
Volume
10Page range
350Publication title
Frontiers in PsychiatryISSN
1664-0640External DOI
Publisher
Frontiers MediaFile version
- Accepted version
Language
- eng