Three-dimensional numerical study on different fuels of ammonia-hydrogen/syngas combustion with various operating conditions in the BERL combustor

<p dir="ltr">The current study presents a numerical analysis of the impact of burning a blend of NH₃-H₂ with syngas in a 300 kW swirl-stabilized BERL combustor, which traditionally operates on methane. The study continues previous research that compared syngas combustion with natural gas, extending the discussion to the novelty relationship between syngas, a common fossil fuel, and greener fuels such as ammonia–hydrogen blends. The predictions reveal differences in the flame structure influenced by the quarl angle and inlet air swirl number. Results present closely compatible trends, though with different parameter variations where quarl angle and swirl number are 20° and 0.56, respectively, for Syngas, while for the NH₃-H₂ mixture they are 10° and 0.8. CHEMKIN PRO was employed to analyze emissions produced for both fuels, accounting for residence time impact. Additionally, the study evaluates the influence of air staging and flow gas recirculation within the burner on the reduction of combustion generated NOx emissions to approximately 180 ppm for syngas and 550 ppm for ammonia–hydrogen mixture.</p>