The role of AI in mitigating the impact of radiologist shortages: a systematised review

Purpose: This study aims to explore the application of Artificial intelligence (AI) systems in radiology departments and the role they play in the shortage of radiologists. It examines the ethical and legal considerations for uptake of AI both in relation to patient safety and for the profession of radiology. Methods: A systematised review was selected for this research study to collect maximum relevant evidence that provides a comprehensive overview of AI application in radiology specifically in terms of addressing radiologist shortages in hospitals. The search was complemented by grey literature to fill potential gaps. Results: Findings suggest that AI can read and interpret images more effectively and faster than radiologists and that it could be more widely used to reduce the impact of the global radiologist shortage, leading to better patient outcomes and safety. However, there are potential challenges predominantly ethical and legal. Concerns over complete radiologist replacement by AI do not currently seem likely, but rather the use of AI to complement radiologists in their work. Conclusions: AI cannot replace radiologists, instead radiology services will need the input of radiologists, AI systems and radiographers to provide a safe healthcare for all patients, therefore they are complementary. Radiologist jobs will most probably change to reduce repetitive tasks that can be conducted by AI. Radiologists and radiographers play a role in the provision of quality care in both normal day-to-day events and during times of disaster. Their role in diagnosing and prognosing diseases provides guidance during preparedness, response and recovery.