Smart Closed-Loop Food Supply Chain in Circular Economy

The aim of this study is to propose a triple bottom line (TBL) framework  to determine the key metrics of environmental, social, and economic  sustainability and predict the impacts of these metrics on  sustainability in circular economy. First, TBL working framework has  been established to determine the key environmental, social, and  economic sustainability metrics. Then, the system dynamics (SD) model is  developed to estimate the effects of TBL metrics within a smart  closed-loop food chain. The proposed SD model reinforces the idea that  each metric supports more than one dimension of sustainability in that  food loss can have implications for sustainability dimensions. With the  help of the incorporated metrics, management can see the supply chain  and examine various parts of it, such as production, distribution, the  impact of buying decisions, etc. The results showed which stages of the  food supply chain need attention because of the high value-added product  losses and if the company targets are enough to reduce greenhouse gas  emissions even though the production volume will increase in the coming  years. This article contributes to the literature by determining the key  metrics of TBL sustainability in the smart closed-loop supply chain in  the food industry. No description supplied