Music Therapist’s use of singing, listening, playing instruments and movement with music to improve cognition and reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms in music therapy for people living with dementia

Current music therapy studies published in the field of dementia can often lack specificity in communicating the components of a music therapy intervention. These interventions can involve a wide range of musical activities depending on patient needs. This survey aimed to explore the use of singing, listening, playing instruments and movement with music, by music therapists working with people living with dementia, to further understand music therapists’ preferences, proclivities and clinical motivations. In total, 31 UK registered music therapists participated. The survey collected data on personal, clinical and external influences on therapists’ selection of musical activities during music therapy sessions. Analysis was completed using descriptive statistics and reflexive thematic analysis. The results showed that singing initiated by the therapist is the most common musical activity used by music therapists in this study. Reasons include therapists selecting activities that were comfortable and familiar, and those that provided musical flexibility in a clinical setting. There was also a connection found between the use of various musical activities and clinical aims. Further research can develop understanding on how various musical activities can fulfil specific needs of people living with dementia This can raise awareness for future music therapists and caregivers to choose the most appropriate musical intervention in a clinical setting.