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Investigating patellar motion using weight-bearing dynamic CT: normative values and morphological considerations for healthy volunteers

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posted on 2024-09-24, 09:09 authored by Luca Buzzatti, Benyameen Keelson, Savanah Héréus, Jona Van den Broeck, Thierry Scheerlinck, Gert Van Gompel, Jef Vandemeulebroucke, Johan De Mey, Nico Buls, Erik Cattrysse

Background

Patellar instability is a well-known pathology in which kinematics can be investigated using metrics such as tibial tuberosity tracheal groove (TTTG), the bisect offset (BO), and the lateral patellar tilt (LPT). We used dynamic computed tomography (CT) to investigate the patellar motion of healthy subjects in weight-bearing conditions to provide normative values for TTTG, BO, and LPT, as well as to define whether BO and LPT are affected by the morphology of the trochlear groove.

Methods

Dynamic scanning was used to acquire images during weight-bearing in 21 adult healthy volunteers. TTTG, BO, and LPT metrics were computed between 0° and 30° of knee flexion. Sulcus angle, sulcus depth, and lateral trochlear inclination were calculated and used with the TTTG for simple linear regression models.

Results

All metrics gradually decreased during eccentric movement (TTTG, -6.9 mm; BO, -12.6%; LPT, -4.3°). No significant differences were observed between eccentric and concentric phases at any flexion angle for all metrics. Linear regression between kinematic metrics towards full extension showed a moderate fit between BO and TTTG (R2 0.60, β 1.75) and BO and LPT (R2 0.59, β 1.49), and a low fit between TTTG and LPT (R2 0.38, β 0.53). A high impact of the TTTG distance over BO was shown in male participants (R2 0.71, β 1.89) and patella alta individuals (R2 0.55, β 1.91).

Conclusion

We provided preliminary normative values of three common metrics during weight-bearing dynamic CT and showed the substantial impact of lateralisation of the patella tendon over patella displacement.

Relevance statement 

These normative values can be used by clinicians when evaluating knee patients using TTTG, BO, and LPT metrics. The lateralisation of the patellar tendon in subjects with patella alta or in males significantly impacts the lateral displacement of the patella.

Key Points

● Trochlear groove morphology had no substantial impact on motion prediction.

● The lateralisation of the patellar tendon seems a strong predictor of lateral displacement of the patella in male

participants.

● Participants with patella alta displayed a strong fit between the patellar lateral displacement and tilt.

● TTTG, BO, and LPT decreased during concentric movement.

● Concentric and eccentric phases did not show differences for all metrics.

History

Refereed

  • Yes

Volume

8

Publication title

European Radiology Experimental

ISSN

2509-9280

Publisher

SpringerOpen

File version

  • Published version

Item sub-type

Article

Affiliated with

  • School of Allied Health Outputs

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