Analysis of Barriers to Closed-Loop Supply Chain: A Case of the Indian Automotive Industry

Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) implementation has become imperative for organizations owing to resource scarcity and generation of toxic waste. However, CLSC implementation can be very challenging due to several barriers, especially in an emerging manufacturing hub such as India. This article identifies and analyzes the prominent barriers to CLSC implementation in the Indian automotive sector. Further, this article also examines causal relationships between the barriers. A total of 22 barriers to CLSC implementation are identified from the literature and subsequently, validated by industry experts. The finalized barriers are then evaluated by analytical hierarchy process and grey–decision making trial and evaluation laboratory techniques. This article provides managers and policy makers with insights on the most prominent and causal barriers, and recommends strategies to overcome these barriers. The findings will help managers to frame short-term and long-term strategies to mitigate barriers to CLSC and contribute toward successful implementation of CLSC.